Local Government Structure and Capacities in Europe
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Local Government Structure and Capacities in Europe
This article argues that the local government capacities and local government performance in Europe clearly rank this continent to the most developed world areas from the point of local democracy. The background factors explaining this situation have a multidimensional character and one can identify as core positive factors the relative economic wealth, high human development, the long historic...
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The relationship between local government structure and expenditure has received considerable attention, yet there is little consensus on how the features of representative government affect local expenditure decisions. The sole exception is city council size, which has consistently been found to have a positive and significant impact on expenditure. Previous results rely on cross-sectional est...
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sections of text, not to exceed three paragraphs, to be quoted without written permission, provided that full attribution is given to the source and the above copyright notice is included. iii Foreword Political scientists have long struggled with the question of the " right size " for local government—whether the measure is geography or budgets. Jurisdictions covering many square miles, such a...
متن کاملساختار کلاسهایی از حلقه های z- موضعی و c- موضعی the structure of some classes of z-local and c-local rings
فرض کنیمr یک حلقه تعویض پذیر ویکدار موضعی باشدو(j(r رایکال جیکوبسن r و(z(r مجموعه مقسوم علیه های صفر حلقه r باشد.گوییم r یک حلقه z- موضعی است هرگاه j(r)^2=. .همچنین برای یک حلقه تعویض پذیر r فرض کنیم c یک عنصر ناصفر از (z( r باشد با این خاصیت که cz( r)=0 گوییم حلقه موضعی r یک حلقه c - موضعی است هرگاه و{0 و z(r)^2={cو z(r)^3=0, نیز xz( r)=0 نتیجه دهد که x عضو {c,0 } است. در این پایان نامه ساخ...
E-participation and climate change in Europe: An analysis of local government practices
Citizens are demanding greater transparency and accountability from their governments, and seek to participate in shaping the policies that affect their lives. The diffusion of the Internet has raised expectations that electronic tools may increase citizen participation in government decision-making and stop the decline of trust in political institutions. This paper brings together two relevant...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Public Policy And Administration
سال: 2015
ISSN: 2029-2872,1648-2603
DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.14.3.13434